Step-by-step explanation:
The state of equilibrium refers to a condition in which an object or system is balanced, with no net external forces or torques acting upon it. In other words, the object or system remains at rest or continues its motion in a straight line at a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium.
1. Static Equilibrium:
Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest and all the forces acting on it are balanced. This means that the net force and net torque on the object are both zero. An example of static equilibrium is a book sitting on a flat table. The weight of the book is balanced by the normal force exerted by the table, and there is no motion.
2. Dynamic Equilibrium:
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is in motion with a constant velocity, and the net force and net torque on the object are zero. In this case, the object experiences balanced forces that result in uniform motion. An example of dynamic equilibrium is a car traveling at a constant speed on a straight road. The driving force applied by the engine is balanced by the resistive forces such as air resistance and friction, allowing the car to maintain a constant velocity.
It's important to note that equilibrium does not necessarily mean that all forces are zero, but rather that the sum of forces and torques acting on the object add up to zero. Equilibrium is a state of balance where there is no change in motion or rotation.
In summary, the state of equilibrium refers to a balanced condition in which the forces and torques acting on an object or system are balanced, resulting in either static or dynamic equilibrium. Examples of equilibrium include a book resting on a table in static equilibrium and a car traveling at a constant speed in dynamic equilibrium.