Answer:
Phenol and phenolics: Commonly-used examples of phenol and phenolic-based disinfectants include carbolic acid, cresols, and xylenols. They are often used for surface disinfection and deodorization in healthcare settings, homes, and industrial facilities. Phenolics are also used in laboratories and can be considered a chemical sterilant.
Bisphenols: Commonly-used examples of bisphenols include brominated bisphenol-A and chlorinated xylenol. Bisphenols are commonly used as sterilants and disinfectants for medical equipment and devices.
Biguanides: Chlorhexidine is a common example of a biguanide-based disinfectant. It is used for skin and wound disinfection, and in some cases, for surface disinfection.
Halogens: Commonly-used halogens for disinfection include chlorine and iodine. Chlorine-based disinfectants are used in water treatment, surface disinfection, and medical facilities. Iodine-based disinfectants are commonly used for skin disinfection and water treatment. Halogens can be used as chemical sterilants for medical equipment.
Alcohols: Commonly-used examples of alcohol-based disinfectants include ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. They are often used for skin disinfection and surface disinfection in healthcare settings. Alcohols are not considered chemical sterilants.
Heavy metals: Mercury, copper, and silver are examples of heavy metals used as disinfectants. They are used in some industries as surface disinfectants.
Soaps and detergents: Soaps and detergents are not disinfectants; they reduce the number of microorganisms present on surfaces or skin but do not kill them.
Acid-anionic sanitizers: Commonly-used examples of acid-anionic sanitizers include phosphoric acid-based sanitizers and nitric acid-based sanitizers. They are used for surface disinfection in the food industry.
Nitrites/nitrates: Nitrites and nitrates are not commonly used as disinfectants.
Quaternary ammonium compounds: Commonly-used examples of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) include benzalkonium chloride and dodecyldimethylammonium chloride. QACs are used for surface disinfection in healthcare settings, food processing plants, and other industries. They are not considered chemical sterilants.
Organic acids: Commonly-used organic acids for disinfection include acetic acid and citric acid. They are used in the food industry for surface disinfection
Step-by-step explanation: