In Antigone, Part 1 by Sophocles, several details introduce the theme that divine law can conflict with human laws. Here are some key details that highlight this theme:
Antigone's defiance: Antigone openly defies the decree issued by King Creon, which forbids the burial of her brother, Polynices. She believes in the divine law, which dictates that all bodies should receive proper burial rites, regardless of their actions in life. Antigone's act of burying her brother demonstrates her commitment to the divine law and her willingness to face the consequences of disobeying human laws.
Creon's decree: King Creon, in his role as the ruler, proclaims a law that explicitly forbids the burial of Polynices. This decree is a human law aimed at punishing Polynices for his betrayal and ensuring stability within the state. However, this law directly conflicts with the divine law, which emphasizes the importance of honoring the dead. Creon's decree sets up the clash between divine law and human laws.
Antigone's conversation with Ismene: In their conversation, Antigone reveals her belief that divine law takes precedence over human laws. She argues that their duty is to follow the higher laws of the gods, even if it means going against the edicts of mortal rulers. Ismene, on the other hand, initially fears the consequences and is hesitant to defy Creon's decree. This dialogue presents contrasting perspectives on the conflict between divine and human laws.
The Chorus's reflections: The Chorus, as a collective voice, often reflects on the actions and conflicts in the play. They express sentiments that divine law transcends mortal laws and that no human decree can overturn the will of the gods. These reflections serve to reinforce the theme that divine law can conflict with human laws and that the consequences of defying divine law can be severe.
These details collectively emphasize the conflict between divine law and human laws in Antigone, setting the stage for the ethical and moral dilemmas faced by the characters as they grapple with their loyalties and beliefs. The clash between these two types of laws drives much of the dramatic tension and tragic events that unfold throughout the play.