Answer:
There are several other semi-solid pharmaceutical forms apart from gels, ointments, poultices, pastes, and creams; some of them include:
1. Sprays - These are pharmaceutical formulations in which the active ingredient is suspended or dissolved in a liquid that is atomized into small droplets. They are primarily used for targeting localized areas, such as the nose, throat, or lungs.
2. Lotions - These are aqueous preparations that contain suspensions of particles or dissolved substances. They are usually used for topical applications and are similar to creams, but they have a comparatively lesser viscosity.
3. Foams - These are pharmaceutical formulations that contain gas bubbles dispersed in a liquid. They provide a more extensive coverage area and can penetrate the surface better than other semi-solid forms.
4. Films - These are thin, flexible materials that contain the active ingredient and adhere to the skin or mucosal surfaces for a certain duration of time. They are particularly useful in the case of localized drug delivery.
Innovative semi-solid pharmaceutical forms can also include transdermal patches, microneedles, and nano-emulsions. Transdermal patches provide a convenient and non-invasive way to deliver drugs through the skin, while microneedles offer targeted delivery to the dermis. Nano-emulsions incorporate drug molecules in lipid-based formulations that offer better bioavailability and stability
Step-by-step explanation:
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