Answer:
Fractions are like pancakes: you can flatten them horizontally or vertically. Horizontal flattening means you shrink the x-value by multiplying it by a huge number before doing anything else. Vertical flattening means you squish the y-value by multiplying the whole function by a tiny number. For example, if f (x) = x^2, then f (2x) is horizontally flattened by 2 and f (0.5x^2) is vertically flattened by 0.5. Don't worry, it's not rocket science, it's just math.