Answer:
Two important buffer systems in the body that help maintain the balance of acid-base gases, also known as arterial blood gas (ABG) gases, are the bicarbonate buffer system and the protein buffer system.
Bicarbonate Buffer System:
The bicarbonate buffer system plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of the blood. It consists of a weak acid, carbonic acid (H2CO3), and its conjugate base, bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). When there is an increase in acid (H+) concentration in the blood, the bicarbonate ions act as a base and bind with the excess H+ ions, forming carbonic acid. Conversely, when there is a decrease in acid concentration, carbonic acid dissociates, releasing H+ ions to restore the balance. This buffering action helps regulate the pH of the blood and maintain it within a narrow range.
Protein Buffer System:
Proteins in the body, particularly hemoglobin, act as buffers to maintain the acid-base balance. Proteins contain amino acids that can act as both weak acids and bases. When there is an increase in H+ ions, these proteins can bind with the excess H+ ions to reduce the acidity. On the other hand, if there is a decrease in H+ ions, the proteins can release H+ ions to help restore the balance. This protein buffering system is especially important in the intracellular environment.
Both the bicarbonate buffer system and the protein buffer system work together to regulate and stabilize the pH of the blood and maintain the acid-base balance. They help prevent drastic changes in pH that could disrupt normal physiological functions in the body.