Answer:
The p-block elements in the periodic table consist of the elements found in groups 13 to 18 (Groups 3 to 8A in older notation) on the right side of the periodic table. These elements are situated in the p orbital of their respective outermost energy level. The p-block elements include:
- Group 13: Boron (B), Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), Thallium (Tl), and Nihonium (Nh).
- Group 14: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), and Flerovium (Fl).
- Group 15: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Bismuth (Bi), and Moscovium (Mc).
- Group 16: Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te), Polonium (Po), and Livermorium (Lv).
- Group 17: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At), and Tennessine (Ts).
- Group 18: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).
These p-block elements exhibit a wide range of chemical properties and are involved in various chemical reactions and bonding patterns. They include nonmetals, metals, and metalloids, with diverse characteristics and applications in areas such as electronics, construction, medicine, and more.