Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Leonardo da Vinci achieved the realism demonstrated in his self-portrait through several techniques and approaches. Firstly, he employed a keen observation of the human form, studying and understanding the intricacies of anatomy and proportion. This anatomical knowledge allowed him to accurately depict the physical features and structures of the face and body.
Secondly, da Vinci utilized the technique of chiaroscuro, which involves the use of light and shadow to create a three-dimensional effect. By skillfully MANIPULATING LIGHT and SHADOW , he added depth and volume to his self-portrait, enhancing its realism.
Overall, da Vinci's commitment to observation, understanding of anatomy, skillful use of light and shadow, attention to detail, and mastery of techniques like chiaroscuro and sfumato all contributed to the remarkable realism achieved in his self-portrait.