Answer:
The industrial countries of 19th-century Europe differed from previous agricultural societies in several significant ways: Economic Shift, Urbanization, Technological Advancements, Social and Class Structure, Impact on Standards of Living etc.
Step-by-step explanation:
The industrial countries of 19th-century Europe differed from previous agricultural societies in several significant ways:
Economic Shift: Industrialization brought about a major shift in the economic structure of these countries. Instead of primarily relying on agriculture as the main source of wealth and employment, industrialization led to the rise of manufacturing, trade, and the growth of cities. Factories and industries emerged, producing goods on a larger scale and utilizing new technologies such as steam power and machinery.
Urbanization: The shift towards industrialization led to a rapid growth of urban areas as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work opportunities. This resulted in the development of crowded urban centers and the emergence of a new urban lifestyle and culture, distinct from the rural agricultural way of life.
Technological Advancements: Industrialization brought significant technological advancements. New inventions and innovations, such as the steam engine, mechanized production, and the development of transportation systems like railways, revolutionized productivity and efficiency in industries. This led to increased production capacity, improved transportation networks, and the growth of global trade.
Social and Class Structure: Industrialization had a profound impact on the social and class structure of society. It gave rise to a new class of industrial capitalists who owned the means of production, while the working class emerged as wage laborers in factories. This led to significant socioeconomic disparities and class struggles between the bourgeoisie and the working class.
Impact on Standards of Living: Overall, industrialization brought improvements in living standards for many people. It led to increased access to manufactured goods, improved transportation, and new job opportunities. However, these advancements were not evenly distributed, and many workers faced poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages.
In summary, the industrial countries of 19th-century Europe differed from previous agricultural societies through their economic structure, urbanization, technological advancements, changes in social and class structure, and the impact on living standards. Industrialization marked a significant shift in societal organization, production methods, and ways of life.