Answer:
The theme of the impact of social norms and expectations on individual freedom and happiness is central to the novel "Ethan Frome" by Edith Wharton. This theme is evident throughout the book. However, it is most prominently displayed in the lives of the three main characters, Ethan, Zeena, and Mattie.
Ethan is trapped by the expectations of his role as a husband and provider. Further he is trapped by his obligation to care for his sickly and demanding wife, Zeena. Despite his love for Mattie, he feels unable to act on his desires due to the social conventions of his time and the expectations placed upon him as a married man.
Zeena is also constrained by the societal norms of her time. As a woman, her illness and dependence on her husband define her life. She is trapped in her unhappy marriage and cannot pursue her own desires and interests.
Mattie is the most tragic character, as she represents the possibility of freedom and happiness that is denied to Ethan and Zeena. However, she too is limited by social norms and expectations, as a poor, unmarried woman who is dependent on the generosity of others.
The societal norms and expectations of the time are depicted as oppressive and stifling. They prevent individuals from pursuing their own desires and living fulfilling lives. This theme is evident in the descriptions of the bleak and isolated landscape. These descriptions mirror the emotional and psychological isolation of the characters.
Overall, the impact of social norms and expectations on individual freedom and happiness is a pervasive theme throughout the novel,. It shapes the lives of the characters and leading to tragic consequences. Edith Wharton's exploration of this global issue warns against the dangers of blindly following societal conventions, It also highlights the importance of individual autonomy and agency in achieving personal fulfillment and happiness.
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