11. Elle suffered from a foot injury that prevented her from being healthy.
12. Elie's inheritance is his father's spoon and knife.
13. Juliek is a young musician whom Elie meets while in Auschwitz. He is described as being small and fragile, with a pleasant, sensitive face. His most prominent concern is his violin, which he carries with him even in the concentration camp.
14. The Kaddish prayer is a Jewish prayer of mourning and praise that is recited for the dead. In the novel, the continual recitation of the Kaddish prayer serves to remind the prisoners of their own mortality and the death that surrounds them at all times.
15. Elie celebrated Rosh Hashanah by fasting and praying with the other prisoners in the concentration camp.
16. The hanging of the pipel was different because he was a child, and his execution was particularly brutal and drawn-out. It had a profound effect on Elie and made him question his faith in God and the goodness of humanity.
17. The theme represented by the question "Where is God? Where is He?" is the theme of the absence of God and the loss of faith. In the face of the atrocities and suffering that the prisoners experience in the concentration camp, they begin to question whether God is present and whether he is just.