Answer:
Multiprogramming and multiprocessing are two concepts related to computer architecture and operating systems.
Multiprogramming refers to a technique where multiple programs are loaded into memory at the same time and the CPU executes them by switching between them in rapid succession. In this way, it appears that multiple programs are running simultaneously. However, in reality, only one program is being executed at any given time. Multiprogramming allows for efficient use of system resources by keeping the CPU busy with some useful work while it waits for I/O operations to complete.
Multiprocessing, on the other hand, refers to a system where multiple processors or cores are used to execute multiple programs or parts of the same program simultaneously. Each processor or core can execute a separate program or thread, and they can communicate with each other to share resources. Multiprocessing provides true parallelism, allowing multiple tasks to be executed simultaneously.
Multithreading is a programming technique where multiple threads of execution are created within a single program or process. Each thread is a separate path of execution, with its own stack and instruction pointer. The threads share the same memory space and can communicate with each other through shared variables. Multithreading allows a program to execute multiple tasks concurrently, taking advantage of multiple processors or cores if available.
In summary, multiprogramming and multiprocessing refer to the use of one or multiple processors/cores to execute one or multiple programs, while multithreading refers to the use of multiple threads within a single program to achieve concurrency.
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