Answer:
Carbon can travel to the hydrosphere, or the Earth's oceans, in the following three ways:
1. Carbon dioxide dissolution: Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in the surface waters of the ocean. This process is known as oceanic uptake or dissolution. When CO2 dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, which then dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. These ions are used by marine organisms to form shells and skeletons, or they can remain in the water and act as a buffer against further increases in CO2.
2. Biological pumping: Carbon is also transported to the deep ocean by biological organisms. Phytoplankton, the microscopic plants of the ocean, absorb CO2 through photosynthesis and convert it into organic matter. This organic matter is then consumed by zooplankton and other marine animals, which in turn are consumed by larger predators. When these organisms die, their organic matter sinks to the ocean floor, taking carbon with it and removing it from the atmosphere for long periods of time.
3. Physical mixing: Finally, carbon can be transported to the deep ocean through physical mixing processes. The ocean's surface waters are constantly in motion due to winds, currents, and tides. This mixing brings surface waters into contact with deeper waters, allowing for the exchange of dissolved gases such as CO2. As a result, some of the carbon taken up by the ocean can be transported to deeper waters and stored for longer periods of time.
Step-by-step explanation:
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