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a string that contains only 0s, 1s, and 2s is called a ternary string. find a recurrence relation for the number of ternary strings of length n that do not contain two consecutive 0s. what are the initial conditions?

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User Gershom
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1 Answer

4 votes

Final answer:

A recurrence relation for the number of ternary strings of length n without two consecutive 0s is a(n) = a(n-1) * 3 + a(n-2), with initial conditions a(0) = 1 and a(1) = 3.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question is asking for a recurrence relation for the number of ternary strings of length n that do not contain two consecutive 0s. Let's denote the number of such strings of length n as a(n). We can build a ternary string of length n by appending a digit to a string of length n-1 provided it does not create a string with two consecutive 0s.

There are two cases to consider:

If the string of length n-1 ends in a 0, the next digit can only be a 1 or 2. So, the number of such strings is equal to a(n-2) because we need to avoid double zeros.

If the string of length n-1 ends in a 1 or 2, we can append any of the three digits. So, the number of such strings is 3 times a(n-1).

Combining these cases gives the recurrence relation: a(n) = a(n-1) * 3 + a(n-2).

For the initial conditions, consider:

a(0) = 1, as there is one empty string that does not contain any consecutive zeros.

a(1) = 3, since with a string of length 1 we can have '0', '1', or '2' without violating our condition.

answered
User Parth Shah
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