Answer:
11%
Explanation:
You want to know the percentage of Ivan's gross income of $44,000 that goes to taxes if he takes the standard deduction of $13,850.
Taxable income
Ivan's taxable income is the remaining amount after subtracting the standard deduction from his gross income:
$44,000 -13,850 = $30,150
Tax
Ivan pays 10% tax on the first $9875, so ...
$9875 · 0.10 = $987.50
And he pays 12% tax on the remaining amount of his taxable income:
($30,150 -9,875) · 0.12 = $2,433.00
Ivan's total tax is ...
$987.50 +2,433.00 = $3420.50
Percentage
The effective tax rate on Ivan's taxable income is ...
3420.50/30150 × 100% ≈ 0.1134 × 100% ≈ 11%
Ivan will pay about 11% of his taxable income in taxes.