Question

Please help this will get my math teacher off my case which im in need of <3

Answer 1

:

.

-- :

, = . .

, . , .

ℙ :

^ = ^ - ^

, = = . , . , .

ℙ :

^ = ^ - ^

, = = . .

ℕ :

^ = ^ - ^

^ = -

^ =

= () = ()

=

^ = ^ - (())^

^ = -

^ =