Answer: A
Step-by-step explanation:
To measure a population’s baseline genetic state, it must have random mating to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Option A).
The Hardy-Weinberg principle state that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant across generations in the absence of different evolutionary forces.
The Hardy-Weinberg assumptions include random mating, no mutation, no gene flow, infinite population size, and absence of selection.
In consequence, random mating acts to prevent any change in the allele frequencies.
In conclusion, to measure a population’s baseline genetic state, it must have random mating to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Option A).