Answer:
The term used to describe the period where philosophers like John Locke and Montesquieu described their thoughts on the nature of humanity and government is the "Enlightenment" or the "Age of Enlightenment".
Step-by-step explanation:
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that spread across Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a focus on reason and individualism. Philosophers during this period sought to apply reason and scientific methods to understand and improve society and human nature. John Locke and Montesquieu were two prominent Enlightenment thinkers who contributed to political philosophy, and their ideas on government and human rights had a profound impact on the development of modern democratic societies.