Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d. all of the above.
New science, psychology, and World War I all played important roles in the shaping of modern art.
New scientific discoveries, such as theories of relativity and quantum mechanics, challenged traditional notions of space and time, which influenced how artists represented the world around them.
Psychology, particularly with the influence of the work of Sigmund Freud, influenced artists to explore the subconscious mind and the inner workings of the human psyche.
World War I and its aftermath had a profound impact on many artists, leading to a shift away from the idealized representations of the past and towards more abstract and fragmented depictions of reality as artists sought to make sense of the traumatic events they had experienced.
Overall, these and other factors contributed to the development of modern art and its departure from traditional forms of visual representation.