Answer:The period from 1869 to 1914 was a period of great change throughout Europe. One particular topic that played a role in changing European culture was that of subjectivity and irrational thoughts. In contrast to the objective topics of logic, facts, and reason, subjective ideas include human instinct, imagination, personal emotions, and the belief that absolute truth is a myth and instead, truth is relative to each individual and comes from within. Thesis- Although published works by intellectual minds of this age show how certain areas of science that typically followed laws of reason were somewhat embraced this focus on personal feelings, European culture in this time period most prominently emphasized subjectivity through the arts, particularly because of the popular visual arts movements of Impressionism and Expressionism but also through literary works of poets such as Arthur Rimbaud. Contextualization- (nationalism in the years leading up to this period caused some of the subjective views) The subjective views in 1869-1914 were partly due to early spurts of nationalism in the mid-19thcentury. Unlike the peaceful nationalism associated with Napoleon’s reign in France and the growing Romantic movement in the beginning of the 1800s, this new nationalism was a more intense, violent form of love for one’s country. Numerous rebellions stemmed from this around the mid 1800s, including wars in Austria, France, and the wars that led to both unifications of the German states and of the Italian states. The new version of nationalism brought to many people feelings of such deep emotion towards their country that their decision-making became irrational and clouded by overbearing nationalism. This intense nationalism continued through the 19thcentury and can be seen as artists and poets pour the hearts into their work depicting their strong opinions concerning their nations
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