South African women played a critical role in opposing apartheid and human rights violations in the 1950s and 1960s. Some of the key ways they fought back included:
Organizing protests and civil disobedience. In 1952, thousands of women marched to protest and pass laws and joined the Defiance Campaign, facing arrests and harassment. After Sharpeville, protests continued and boycotts were organized.
Providing leadership. Prominent leaders emerged like Lilian Ngoyi, Helen Joseph, Sophie Du Bruyn, Winnie Mandela and Albert Luthuli's wife Nokutela Dube. They helped organize key events and campaigns.
Campaigning internationally. South African women travelled abroad, lobbied the UN, and worked with global activists to raise awareness of apartheid and push for boycotts, sanctions and condemnation of the regime.
Forming activist groups. After Sharpeville, new groups were founded to continue the struggle, like the National Union of South African Students (NUSAS) Women's Section.
Defying oppression. Despite banning orders, imprisonment, violence and abuse, women persevered in their activism. They displayed immense courage, strength and resilience in the face of adversity.
Putting their lives on the line. Tragically, some women made the ultimate sacrifice, killed or dying in detention due to the regime's cruelty. But their deaths inspired others to fight on.
In conclusion, South African women played a vital role through protest, leadership, international campaigning, group formation, defiance, and sacrifice. They were instrumental in mobilizing opposition to apartheid, campaigning for change, and working towards liberation, equality and justice. Though facing immense oppression, their bravery, perseverance and commitment to the cause helped galvanize the anti-apartheid movement.