In eukaryotic gene expression, signal molecules bind to specific receptors on the cell surface, which initiates a signal transduction pathway inside the cell. This pathway ultimately leads to the activation or inhibition of transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences known as response elements.
Enhancers are DNA sequences that are located upstream or downstream of the promoter region and can increase or decrease gene expression by interacting with transcription factors. Promoters are DNA sequences that are located at the beginning of the gene and are recognized by RNA polymerase, which initiates transcription.
Together, these components work to regulate gene expression by controlling the rate at which RNA polymerase transcribes the gene into mRNA. The binding of transcription factors to response elements and enhancers can increase or decrease the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thereby affecting the level of gene expression.
~~~Harsha~~~