1. **Water:** Water is essential for activating enzymes that break down stored food within the seed, providing the necessary nutrients for the embryo to grow.
2. **Oxygen:** Oxygen is required for cellular respiration, which provides energy for the germinating embryo.
3. **Suitable Temperature:** Different plant species have different temperature requirements for germination. Generally, a temperature range that is conducive to enzyme activity is necessary for the process.
4. **Suitable Light Conditions (For Some Plants):** While some seeds require light to germinate, others may actually require darkness. This requirement varies depending on the species.
5. **Correct Seed Orientation:** Some seeds have specific requirements for how they are oriented in the soil for optimal germination.