Answer:
The effects that apostrophes can have on a poem are:
It gives the speaker a voice.
It connects the reader to the speaker’s message.
It makes an imagined addressee feel present.
It gives the poem a personalized effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
An apostrophe is a rhetorical device in which the speaker addresses an absent or imaginary person, an object, or an abstract concept as if it were present and capable of responding. This device can have several effects on a poem, including:
It gives the speaker a voice - By addressing an absent or imaginary person or thing, the speaker gives voice to their emotions, thoughts, and desires, and expresses their innermost feelings.
It connects the reader to the speaker’s message - Apostrophes can create a sense of intimacy and connection between the speaker and the reader, as the speaker addresses the reader directly, and invites them to share in their experience.
It makes an imagined addressee feel present - By addressing an imaginary or absent person or thing as if it were present, the speaker creates a sense of immediacy and urgency, and makes the addressee feel real and tangible.
It gives the poem a personalized effect - Apostrophes can add a personal and subjective dimension to a poem, as the speaker addresses their own thoughts and feelings, and creates a sense of intimacy and connection with the reader.