Acid rain is a type of precipitation that has a higher than normal acidity due to the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These gases are released into the atmosphere primarily through the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas, as well as from natural processes like volcanic eruptions.
When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with water vapor and other chemicals in the atmosphere, they form acids like sulfuric acid and nitric acid. These acids then fall back to the Earth's surface as acid rain.
The effects of acid rain can be damaging to both the environment and human-made structures. Acid rain can lower the pH of lakes and rivers, which can harm aquatic life and reduce biodiversity. It can also damage forests and soil, making it harder for trees and plants to absorb nutrients and grow. In addition, acid rain can corrode buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure, leading to costly repairs and maintenance.
In humans, acid rain can cause respiratory problems and aggravate existing health conditions like asthma. It can also contribute to the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere, which is linked to a range of health problems, including heart disease and lung cancer.