Answer:
However, the Columbian Exchange also had negative effects. The introduction of new diseases to the New World had a devastating impact on the indigenous populations. Diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza killed millions of Native Americans who had no immunity to these diseases. The exchange of animals also had negative consequences. Europeans brought horses, cattle, and pigs to the New World, which led to overgrazing and soil erosion. In addition, the introduction of non-native species disrupted the balance of ecosystems in both hemispheres.
The most lasting result of the Columbian Exchange is the globalization of the world. The exchange of goods, ideas, and people between the Old and New Worlds led to the creation of a global economy and the spread of cultures around the world. The exchange of crops and animals led to the development of new agricultural practices and the growth of international trade. The exchange of ideas and technologies led to the development of new industries and the spread of knowledge. The Columbian Exchange transformed the world and set the stage for the globalization that we see today.