Answer/Explanation:
- Victor Horta's Hôtel Tassel is a prime example of the Art Nouveau
tyle that emerged in the late 19th century. The cultural context of Art Nouveau was one of a desire to break away from the traditional, historicist styles that had dominated the art and design world. Instead, artists and designers sought to create a new, modern aesthetic that was inspired by nature and the organic forms found in the natural world. Horta's Hôtel Tassel embodies this cultural context through its use of natural forms, such as the curving, sinuous lines of the wrought-iron balustrades and the decorative plant motifs throughout the building.
Visually, the Hôtel Tassel exhibits several characteristic features of Art Nouveau. The building's asymmetrical facade and dynamic, flowing lines create a sense of movement and organic energy. The use of materials such as wrought iron, glass, and stone are also typical of the Art Nouveau style. Additionally, the interior of the Hôtel Tassel features curved, organic forms and intricate, decorative details, further exemplifying the Art Nouveau style.
- The Gamble House, designed by the Greene brothers in 1908, is a prime example of the Arts and Crafts style. The cultural context of this style was one of a reaction against the excesses of the Industrial Revolution and a desire to return to traditional craftsmanship and materials. The Arts and Crafts movement emphasized the importance of the handmade and the individual artist, and sought to create a new aesthetic that was rooted in simplicity and functionality.
Visually, the Gamble House exhibits several characteristic features of Arts and Crafts. The use of natural materials such as wood and stone, and the emphasis on handcrafted details and joinery, are typical of the Arts and Crafts style. The house's low, horizontal lines and broad eaves create a sense of groundedness and connection to the surrounding landscape. The interior of the Gamble House also features handcrafted details such as the built-in cabinetry and intricate woodwork, exemplifying the Arts and Crafts emphasis on the handmade.
- Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House, designed in 1908, is a prime example of the Prairie School style. The cultural context of the Prairie School style was one of a desire to create a uniquely American architecture that was rooted in the Midwest landscape. The style emphasized horizontal lines and a connection to the surrounding landscape, and sought to create a new aesthetic that was distinctly modern.
Visually, the Robie House exhibits several characteristic features of Prairie School. The use of horizontal lines, low-pitched roofs, and broad overhangs create a sense of horizontality and connection to the surrounding landscape. The use of natural materials such as brick, stone, and wood, and the incorporation of built-in furniture and other functional details, are also typical of the Prairie School style. Additionally, the house's open plan and emphasis on interconnected spaces reflect the modern ideals of the Prairie School style.