Final answer:
The Pantheon in Rome has the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome, which is a testament to the advanced engineering of ancient times.
Step-by-step explanation:
The building referred to, which is the largest in the world constructed from a particular material, is likely the Pantheon in Rome with its dome made from unreinforced concrete. This architectural masterpiece has maintained its title as the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world even centuries after its construction.
The Pantheon's dome features an oculus at the top which serves as the building's only light source. The use of concrete in this manner was advanced at the time and the technique was lost after the fall of Rome until it was rediscovered in modern times.