Final answer:
Essential nutrients for bone strength include calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, and phosphorus, while magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids also contribute to maintaining healthy bones. Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption, and exercise is beneficial for enhancing bone density.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nutrients and other substances especially helpful for bone strength include calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, phosphorus, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids. Calcium is critical for bone health as it forms the primary constituent of bone in the shape of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. However, without adequate vitamin D, calcium cannot be absorbed effectively from the small intestine.
Vitamin K supports bone mineralization and may act synergistically with vitamin D in regulating bone growth. Phosphorus works alongside calcium to contribute to bone strength and structure. Magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids support bone density and reduce inflammation, which can affect bone health. Regular exercise and hormones like growth hormone and sex hormones also play pivotal roles in maintaining bone strength and density.