Final answer:
The statement that the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act required drugs to be 'safe and efficacious' is incorrect; the Act did not require proof of safety or efficacy at the time of its enactment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is not true of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 is that it required drugs to be safe and efficacious. The Act did include provisions that prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated drugs and false therapeutic claims on labels. It mandated labeling of ingredients and prohibited misleading information, but it did not require proof of safety or efficacy for drugs at that time. Indeed, the Act marked the beginning of significant federal involvement in consumer protection regarding foods and drugs, inspired by muckraking exposés and public outcry for improved standards of sanitation and safety for consumer products. It was only in later years that legislation would demand thorough testing and proof of both the safety and efficacy of drugs.