Final answer:
Peroxisomes are the cell organelles responsible for detoxifying substances such as alcohol and breaking down fatty and amino acids, while safely managing hydrogen peroxide produced in the process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cell organelle responsible for the breakdown of alcohol and other toxins is the peroxisome. These are membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes that primarily focus on detoxifying harmful substances, including the degradation of fatty acids and amino acids. Peroxisomes in liver cells are notably involved in detoxifying alcohol. During their oxidizing reactions, they produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which could be damaging to cells. However, peroxisomes contain enzymes that safely convert H₂O₂ into water and oxygen, thus preventing any damage to cellular components. This function is crucial for maintaining cellular health and protecting the body from various poisons.