Final answer:
The mitochondrion is the organelle responsible for extracting chemical energy from nutrients to produce ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelle that houses the reactions to extract chemical energy from nutrient molecules is the mitochondrion. Known as the "powerhouse" or "energy factory" of the cell, the mitochondria are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary molecule used by cells to store and transfer energy. Cellular respiration occurs within the mitochondria, where energy from nutrients, primarily glucose, is converted into ATP using oxygen, with carbon dioxide being a byproduct of this process.