Final answer:
The lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial hypothalamus are the brain structures responsible for hunger and satiety, respectively. They play a crucial role in the regulation of eating behaviors and are influenced by signals from other parts of the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brain structure most responsible for hunger and satiety, respectively, are the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial hypothalamus. The lateral hypothalamus is known to promote feeding behavior when activated, while the ventromedial hypothalamus is involved in signaling satiety or fullness to stop eating.
These two areas of the brain are integral parts of the hypothalamus region, which is a control center for many automatic bodily functions, including the regulation of hunger and satiety. This region receives input from other areas of the brain, including the limbic system, which can influence eating behavior based on emotional states.