Final answer:
Managers at all levels perform four key functions according to Henri Fayol: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These functions are integral to the smooth operation of any organization, regardless of its size or complexity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Henri Fayol identified that managers at all levels, in both for-profit and non-profit organizations, must engage in four essential functions for effective management and operation of any organization. These functions include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning involves identifying goals and the best way to achieve them. Organizing entails arranging resources and tasks to achieve the organization's goals. Leading means motivating and directing the members of the organization. Finally, controlling is the process of monitoring progress and making necessary adjustments to meet objectives.
These functions are crucial for ensuring that an organization runs smoothly and efficiently, whether it's a simple restaurant with its many job roles such as top chefs and servers, or a complex business like a large manufacturing factory with hundreds of job classifications. This division of labor and effective management is key to meeting production goals and maintaining the organization's economic connections, be it with suppliers of food or kitchen equipment.