Final answer:
The economies of Pakistan and Bangladesh are primarily agricultural, affected by urbanization and environmental challenges. Their histories and participation in global markets, especially Bangladesh's garment industry, play a crucial role in their economic dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Basis of the Economies of Pakistan and Bangladesh
The economies of Pakistan and Bangladesh are predominantly agrarian, with a significant portion of their populations relying on agriculture as the main source of livelihood. The rural exodus towards urban areas has been a significant trend in both countries, contributing to rapid urban development but putting a strain on urban infrastructures, which are often lacking. Both nations are grappling with challenges related to accommodating their large populations and protecting their natural environments.
The historical emergence of both countries in 1947 under a unified government, until the secession of East Pakistan to form Bangladesh in 1972, has profoundly influenced their economic structures. Today, their economies reflect not only agricultural activities but also globalization's impact, especially in Bangladesh. Here, globalization is apparent in the burgeoning garment industry, which has become an export powerhouse leveraging cheap labor. Moreover, Bangladesh benefits from financial remittances from its diaspora working in oil-rich Middle Eastern countries.
Both countries experience environmental challenges, with Pakistan struggling with deforestation and water pollution, and Bangladesh grappling with annual flooding due to its geographical location. The differences in natural environments between the two countries inevitably affect their economic strategies and sustainability challenges.