Final answer:
Repulsion, curiosity, pugnacity, and humility are all examples of emotions, which are complex reactions that influence our actions and experiences, differing from instincts, needs, motivations, and incentives.The correct answer is B
Step-by-step explanation:
Repulsion, curiosity, pugnacity, and humility are all examples of emotions. Emotions are complex reactions that engage our bodies and minds, influencing our actions and experiences. In psychology, William James proposed the instinct theory of motivation, suggesting that behavior can be driven by instincts, which are species-specific patterns of behavior that are unlearned. However, instincts are more related to physiological responses and survival mechanisms, like an infant's rooting for a nipple, rather than the complex feelings listed in the question.
These emotions do not align with needs, which are requirements essential for health and growth, nor intrinsic motivation, which is based on internal feelings rather than external rewards. They are also distinct from motivations, which describe the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, whether they be intrinsic or extrinsic. Lastly, while emotions can influence incentives that appeal to individuals, they themselves are not incentives.
The correct answer is therefore (B) Emotions.