Final answer:
The part of the eye responsible for receiving and transmitting light impulses is the retina. Composed of nerve endings, particularly photoreceptors like rods and cones, it converts light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve for visual processing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the eye responsible for the reception and transmission of light impulses is the retina. The retina is a complex layer of tissue located at the back of the eye, containing specialized cells called photoreceptors—rods, and cones—that convert light into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted through the optic nerve to the brain, where visual information is processed. The retina also houses other nerve cells that assist in various visual functions. Rods are sensitive to low light levels and facilitate peripheral vision, while cones are responsible for color vision and visual acuity. This intricate network of cells within the retina plays a crucial role in converting external light stimuli into neural signals, enabling the perception and interpretation of visual information by the brain.