Final answer:
The complement system, key to immune responses, becomes pathologically active in Hereditary Angioedema due to the deficiency of a regulatory inhibitor, leading to acute swelling in various body parts. The option (B) is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The complement system is a critical component of both innate and adaptive immune responses. It comprises a network of plasma proteins, predominantly synthesized in the liver, that participate in a cascading sequence of activation when faced with pathogens. This activation leads to various immune responses, including opsonization, chemoattraction of leukocytes, and cytolysis.
A disorder caused by a deficiency of the inhibitor of the first component of complement is Hereditary Angioedema. This condition is characterized by severe swelling episodes, primarily affecting the extremities, face, gastrointestinal tract, and airway. It is not associated with Polyarteritis nodosa, Erythema elevatum diutinum, Behçet's disease, or Vitiligo, which are different types of disorders. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins. One of them is activated directly by antigen-bound antibody to trigger a cascade of reactions, each of which results in the activation of another complement component. The system is a complex one controlled by inhibitors. A disorder caused by a deficiency of the inhibitor of the first component of complement is?
(A) Polyarteritis nodosa
(B) Hereditary angioedema
(C) Erythema elevatum diutinum
(D) Behçet's disease
(E) Vitiligo