Final answer:
Planet A is a terrestrial planet like Mars, while Planet B is a gas giant similar to Uranus or Neptune, as indicated by their respective compositions, distances from the Sun, atmospheres, number of moons, and ring systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the given data, Planet A with a distance of 1.52 AU from the Sun and composed of a rocky mantle and an iron core, with an atmosphere mostly of carbon dioxide and two moons without rings, appears to be a terrestrial planet. Planet B, at a distance of 19.22 AU, has a composition of hydrogen and helium, a large number of moons (27), faint rings, and a gaseous atmosphere resembling that of the outer giant planets. This data would categorize Planet B as a gas giant. Planet A could be a planet similar to Mars given its distance and characteristics, while Planet B resembles Uranus or Neptune based on its significant distance from the Sun and gaseous composition.