Question

Retroviruses are unique in that they

A) replicate in nervous system cells.
B) do not have a capsid.
C) use RNA as a template to make DNA.
D) use DNA as a template to make RNA

Answer 1

Retroviruses like HIV are unique because they convert their RNA genome into DNA within a host cell, using an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, which is a key target for antiretroviral drugs.

Step-by-step explanation:

Retroviruses are unique among viruses because they use RNA as a template to make DNA. This process, known as reverse transcription, is facilitated by a virus-specific enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Retroviruses such as HIV must first convert their RNA genome into DNA before it can be integrated into the host cell's genetic material. Once integrated, the viral DNA can be transcribed into mRNA and then translated into viral proteins required for the assembly of new virus particles. The ability of these viruses to reverse transcribe RNA into DNA is a key target for antiretroviral drugs which have been effective in treating infections such as HIV.