Final answer:
Sebastián de Benalcázar was a Spanish conquistador involved in the colonization of the Americas, but no explicit reference is made to him conquering and refounding a country in the provided information. The material focuses on Spain's unification, Reconquista, and the context for later conquests in the Americas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to a historical event related to the conquests in South America by Spanish conquistadors. Sebastián de Benalcázar, also known as Sebastián de Belalcázar, was a Spanish conquistador who took part in the colonization of the Americas.
However, the conquest and refounding of any country by Sebastián Benalcazar is not directly mentioned in the provided reference material. The material does cover the significant historical period of the Reconquista, the retrieval of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian rulers from Muslim rule, culminating in 1492 with the fall of Granada. It also addresses the period following the fall of Napoléon Bonaparte, noting the resurgence of Spanish monarchical power in South America and the opposition led by Simón Bolívar.
The material details the history of Spain's transformation into a unified Christian kingdom following the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile and the subsequent Reconquista. It outlines the broader context of Spanish expansion and conquest during the fifteenth century, setting the stage for later events in the Americas, such as the conquests by Spanish conquistadors like Benalcazar. However, it seems there might be a mix-up in the question as Sebastián Benalcazar is not explicitly linked to the refounding of a country in the references provided.