Final answer:
The country that was known as Upper Peru and was a major silver-mining center for the Spanish was Bolivia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country that was known as Upper Peru, where the Spanish built a great part based on the silver extracted from it, is Bolivia. The mountain that was rich in silver, known as Cerro Rico, was located in the high Andes in Bolivia. The town of Potosí was established there and became a major silver-mining center in the seventeenth century, producing enormous wealth for the Spanish crown.