Final answer:
The country with Dresden as the capital of Saxony, which was devastated by Allied bombing in WWII, is Germany. The bombing was part of an aerial campaign aimed at crippling Germany's war efforts, causing widespread destruction and civilian casualties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country that has Dresden, located on the Elbe River near the border with the Czech Republic, and is the capital of Saxony is Germany. Dresden was significantly destroyed during the Allied bombing in World War II.
As part of the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, the Allies, including the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF), targeted German cities for around-the-clock bombing. The decision to bomb Dresden in February 1945 resulted in a massive firestorm that caused approximately 25,000 civilian casualties.
Post-war, Germany was divided into East Germany, overseen by the Soviet Union, and West Germany, controlled by the Allied powers, a situation that lasted until the eventual reunification of Germany in 1990.