Final answer:
Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008 after years of conflict and tension in the Balkans following the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country that gained independence from Serbia in 2008 is Kosovo. After a prolonged conflict and a period of UN administration, the Kosovo Assembly declared independence on February 17, 2008. The move followed years of tension and conflict that had its roots in the breakup of Yugoslavia and ethnic and nationalistic divisions in the region. NATO forces remain stationed in Kosovo to maintain peace and stability. Serbian leaders, however, have not recognized Kosovo’s independence, insisting that the territory remains part of Serbia. The international community is divided on the issue, with some countries recognizing Kosovo as an independent state and others supporting Serbia's claim.