Final answer:
Research indicates that gender differences in cognitive abilities are minimal. Social and cultural factors play a significant role in shaping gender participation and proficiency in various school domains such as math, science, and sports. Equitable support and opportunities can help achieve gender parity in these fields.
Step-by-step explanation:
There is significant debate about whether any gender has cognitive advantages in specific academic domains. Research, including the work by Anne Fausto-Sterling, shows that cognitive differences between genders are minimal and not significantly predictive of success in subjects like mathematics, science, sports, or arts. However, societal factors like encouragement and societal roles play a significant role in shaping interests and proficiencies. Geographical and cultural differences can also influence the extent to which boys and girls participate in different fields, such as sports, and thus develop related spatial abilities. These cultural practices might lead to differences in proficiency in subjects like math and science, as seen through participation in STEM programs. It's important to note that if girls are given the same opportunities and support as boys, they tend to achieve equal levels of proficiency.
Regarding school sports, it's traditionally been observed that boys may have greater participation, which can lead to various development opportunities. However, it is paramount to provide support for girls in areas where they have historically been underrepresented, as through initiatives by organizations like the American Association of University Women (AAUW) and NASA, which strive to empower young women in STEM fields.