Final answer:
John Carroll's CHC theory of intelligence comprises a hierarchy of cognitive abilities, with broad abilities like fluid reasoning and short-term memory at the middle level. These broad abilities are influenced by general intelligence and encompass several specific narrow abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Carroll's Middle-Level Abilities in Intelligence
According to John Carroll's hierarchy of cognitive abilities, which forms part of the comprehensive Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory, intelligence is organized into three levels: general, broad, and narrow. Carroll's theory doesn't explicitly list "eight independent middle-level abilities."
Instead, there are multiple broad abilities at this middle level. Some of these abilities include fluid reasoning, short-term memory, and processing speed. Other broad abilities mentioned in the CHC theory are crystallized intelligence, quantitative reasoning, reading & writing ability, auditory processing, and visual-spatial processing. These broad abilities encompass several more narrow abilities, which are the specific cognitive skills measurable in intelligence tests.
The CHC theory is a hierarchical model that suggests narrower abilities feed into these broad abilities, which in turn are influenced by the overarching general intelligence. Carroll's framework is one of the most accepted models for understanding cognitive abilities.