Final answer:
Thyroglobulin levels are elevated in hyperthyroidism and goiter. Hyperthyroidism is caused by excessive thyroid hormone production due to Graves' disease. Goiter occurs when the thyroid gland enlarges due to overproduction of TSH without the formation of thyroid hormone.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thyroglobulin levels are elevated in conditions such as hyperthyroidism and goiter. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, often caused by Graves' disease. This autoimmune disorder stimulates the thyroid to secrete excessive quantities of its hormones, resulting in elevated thyroglobulin levels. Goiter, on the other hand, is the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to overproduction of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) without the formation of thyroid hormone. Thyroglobulin, contained in colloid, accumulates in the thyroid gland, leading to elevated levels.