Question

Memory formation is altered in AD due to what is stimulated by irisin?

1) cAMP
2) Protein kinase A
3)REB
4) All of the above

Answer 1

Alzheimer's disease involves the dysregulation of glutamate receptors due to amyloid-beta peptides, affecting memory formation through mechanisms that involve cAMP, protein kinase A, and receptor endocytosis.

Step-by-step explanation:

Memory formation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is altered due to the impairment and dysregulation of glutamate receptors, particularly NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and AMPA receptors (AMPARs), by amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. Aβ peptides lead to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death through excitotoxic mechanisms. This is linked to intrinsic molecular pathways involving cAMP, protein kinase A (PKA), and receptor endocytosis. In the context of memory formation and alteration in AD, stimulants such as irisin may impact these pathways by modulating levels of cAMP, which in turn activates PKA. This cascade can play a role in synaptic plasticity, a key process in learning and memory.