Final answer:
The pros of passive surveillance include its nature as nonreactive research, which doesn't alter behavior, and its cost-effectiveness in data collection for uses such as traffic management and law enforcement. However, privacy concerns necessitate strict data use and retention limits.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the significant pros of passive surveillance systems is their nature as nonreactive research. This characteristic means that passive surveillance collection doesn't interfere with or modify the behavior of the subjects being observed, as there is no direct contact. This approach helps to ensure that the data collected reflects actual, unaltered behavior and trends, which is vital for accuracy in fields such as public health or traffic management.
Moreover, this type of surveillance can be highly efficient and cost-effective. For instance, using technology to automatically detect slow-moving traffic due to an accident—thanks to the data collected from cell phones—enhances traffic management and can lead to less time wasted in traffic jams. Also, it can aid law enforcement in capturing criminals and terrorists, thereby protecting the life, liberty, and property of people by preventing further harmful acts.
It's also important to note that these advantages must be balanced with the need for privacy protections. The use of surveillance should come with stringent limits on the collection, use, and retention of data to prevent abuses, particularly in the context of potential uses by oppressive regimes.