Final answer:
Chance agreement is the level of agreement expected by chance alone, without any systematic agreement. It is commonly used in statistics to assess agreement between observers or raters. One way to measure chance agreement is through the use of Cohen's kappa coefficient.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chance agreement refers to the level of agreement that can be expected solely by chance, without any underlying systematic agreement. It is commonly used in statistics to assess the agreement between two or more observers or raters. One way to measure chance agreement is through the use of Cohen's kappa coefficient, which takes into account the observed agreement and the expected agreement due to chance.
For example, if two raters are asked to categorize a set of items into two categories and their agreement is higher than what would be expected by chance alone, then there is likely some systematic agreement between the raters. On the other hand, if their agreement is close to what would be expected by chance alone, then there is little evidence of systematic agreement.